(Sistema de gestión de base de datos) o en inglés Database management system (DBMS), es una agrupación de programas que sirven para definir, construir y manipular una base de datos.
* Definir una base de datos: consiste en especificar los tipos de datos, estructuras y restricciones para los datos que se almacenarán.
* Contruir una base de datos: es el proceso de almacenar los datos sobre algún medio de almacenamiento.
* Manipular una base de datos: incluye funciones como consulta, actualización, etc. de bases de datos.
CONCEPTO
Es importante saber que las bases de datos es un sistema que permite almacenar, manipular ,
Consultar todo tipo de información.las base de datos poseen diseño y tambien son personales
O para un publico u empresa. Dentro del diseño existen distintos tipos de modelos de los datos
Que se han de almacenar,una BD es conceptual y estructural .
Miremos el siguiente ejemplo, de una estructura de las bases de datos.
Esta me permitira establecer la relacion entre los centros de salud y las clinicas en la ciudad de buenaventura,el tipo de carnet, la entidad de salud a la que esta afiliado centro de atención,remisiony tipo de urgencias.
ysql> describe administraccion;
---------------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
---------------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
nom_administrador | varchar(30) | NO | | | |
id_administrador | varchar(30) | NO | PRI | | |
edad_administrador | char(20) | NO | | | |
telef_administrador | char(20) | NO | | | |
direc_administrador | varchar(30) | NO | | | |
id_usuario | varchar(30) | NO | | | |
esper_laboral | varchar(30) | NO | | | |
---------------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
insert into administraccion values('aurelio moreno','14576048',38,2427886,'call1#39-59 E/caristico','1457847','13 años');
insert into administraccion values('dora torres','14578075',45,2428754,'call7#10-45 stafe','45678947','10 años');
insert into administraccion values('diana torres','56487954',37,2458796,'call7#18-47 stafe','456789365','19 años');
insert into administraccion values('marlen palacios','56487854',21,2428399,'call7#18-10 ruiz','126789365','28 años');
insert into administraccion values('omar ruiz','12587954',50,2450796,'kra7#18-47 stafe','456781565','49 años');
insert into administraccion values('omar castro','12587923',15,2411796,'kra7#14-47 centro','156781565','41 años');
mysql> describe archivador;
+------------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+------------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| nom_archivador | varchar(30) | NO | | | |
| id_archivador | varchar(30) | NO | | | |
| edad_archivador | char(20) | NO | | | |
| telef_archivador | char(20) | NO | | | |
| direc_archivador | varchar(30) | NO | | | |
| esper_laboral | varchar(30) | NO | | | |
| id_usuario | varchar(30) | NO | PRI | | |
+------------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
7 rows in set (0.05 sec)
insert into archivador values('pedro peres','63278945',20,3136542517,'call4#17-75 carmelo','15 años','12458715');
insert into archivador values('jose castro','63268972',47,3136542614,'call4#12-15 dorado','12 años','14458715');
insert into archivador values('danilo montero','23268972',18,3136532614,'kra4#12-15 R9','25 años','14638715');
insert into archivador values('danilo portela','14268972',23,3136533514,'kra4#12-12 piolin','21 años','14636315');
insert into archivador values('manuel medina','14268972',20,3136532576,'kra4#78-15 cali','17 años','14568715');
insert into archivador values('pedro peres','63278945',20,3136542517,'call4#17-75 carmelo','15 años','12458715');
insert into archivador values('rito moreno','632789126',63,3136546321,'call4#13-6 lopera','27 años','12458678');
mysql> describe carnets;
+--------------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+--------------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| nom_carnet | varchar(30) | NO | | | |
| tipo_carnet | varchar(30) | NO | | | |
| entidad_carnet | varchar(30) | NO | | | |
| id_usuario | varchar(30) | NO | PRI | | |
| estrato_carnet | varchar(30) | NO | | | |
| fecha_carnet | varchar(30) | NO | | | |
| vencimiento_carnet | varchar(30) | NO | | | |
| numero_orden | varchar(30) | NO | | | |
| nom_usuario | varchar(30) | NO | | | |
| id_archivador | varchar(30) | NO | | | |
+--------------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
10 rows in set (0.02 sec)
insert into carnets values('caprecon','subsidiado','luis ablanque','12458678','01','05/06/2010','12/08/2014','7610923207','carlos velez','632789126');
insert into carnets values('coopsalud','subsidiado','luis ablanque','10458678','02','06/06/2010','12/08/2014','7610923321','carlos perez','732789126');
insert into carnets values('ensanar','subsidiado','luis ablanque','10458636','03','06/06/1995','12/08/2010','5400923321','antoni perez','732789133');
insert into carnets values('confamar','subsidiado','clinibuenaventura','12458636','01','04/06/1996','12/04/2010','7700923321','arturo ruiz','732789126');
insert into carnets values('confenalco','subsidiado','deptal cali','12456536','01','04/06/1997','12/09/2010','3333923321','jose lara','12356897');
mysql> describe consultaexterna;
+----------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+----------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| nom_doctor | varchar(30) | NO | | | |
| cod_consulta | varchar(30) | NO | | | |
| tipo_consulta | char(20) | NO | | | |
| telef_consulta | char(20) | NO | | | |
| sec_consulta | varchar(30) | NO | | | |
| hora_consulta | varchar(30) | NO | | | |
| fecha_consulta | varchar(30) | NO | | | |
| id_factura | varchar(30) | NO | PRI | | |
+----------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
8 rows in set (0.03 sec)
insert into consultaexterna values('nelsol castro','001',12,2425068,'0001','2 pm','01/02/2010','2121');
insert into consultaexterna values('mauro lopez','002',13,2425056,'0002','3 pm','02/03/2010','2132');
insert into consultaexterna values('jose niñes','003',14,2442056,'1002','10 am','07/04/2010','3132');
insert into consultaexterna values('pedro infante','113',23,5552056,'100','11 am','07/04/1998','4532');
insert into consultaexterna values('pedro infante','113',23,5552056,'100','11 am','07/04/1998','4532');
insert into consultaexterna values('alexa castro','213',45,1552056,'11','11 am','05/06/1998','1232');
mysql> describe director;
+----------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+----------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| nom_director | varchar(30) | NO | | | |
| id_director | varchar(30) | NO | | | |
| edad_director | char(20) | NO | | | |
| telef_director | char(20) | NO | | | |
| direc_director | varchar(30) | NO | | | |
| id_medico | varchar(50) | NO | PRI | | |
| esper_laboral | varchar(30) | NO | | | |
+----------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
7 rows in set (0.03 sec)
insert into director values('manolo peteche','36985241',45,58276,'kra12#4-5 lopera','47123546','10 años');
insert into director values('rosa aramburo','363245241',15,56276,'call12#4-5 ruiz','45623546','11 años');
insert into director values('zuly caicedo','355245241',25,26399,'call23#14-5 ruiz','23623546','5 años');
insert into director values('fernando torres','111245241',17,35399,'call23#1-1 ruiz','23623575','6 años');
insert into director values('diana torres','111245555',25,35399,'kra23#1-1 ruiz','23621275','26 años');
insert into director values('martha torres','333245555',8,55399,'kra23#1-12 carmelo','23721275','20 años');
describe emfermeras;
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-----------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| nom_enfermera | varchar(50) | NO | | | |
| num_enfermera | varchar(30) | NO | | | |
| edad_enfermera | char(20) | NO | | | |
| id_enfermera | varchar(20) | NO | | | |
| id_recepcion | varchar(30) | NO | PRI | | |
| direc_enfermera | varchar(20) | NO | | | |
+-----------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
insert into enfermeras values('zindyplaza','25',27,'36974185','000f','k4#4-3');
insert into enfermeras values('maelen martinez','15',20,'31974186','100f','call4#4-3');
insert into enfermeras values('Jair murillo','20',21,'31974177','200f','call4#4-6 centro');
insert into enfermeras values('Jair murillo','20',21,'31974177','200f','call4#4-6 centro');
insert into enfermeras values('viviana torres','32',11,'33374177','300f','call4#12-16 centro');
mysql> describe entidades;
+------------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+------------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| nom_entidad | varchar(30) | NO | | | |
| tipo_carnet | varchar(30) | NO | PRI | | |
| nom_usuario | varchar(30) | NO | | | |
| historia_usuario | varchar(30) | NO | | | |
| nom_medico | varchar(30) | NO | | | |
+------------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
5 rows in set (0.03 sec)
insert into entidades values('caprecon','subsidiado','carlos velez','023d','justino dominguez');
insert into entidades values('ensanasr','subsid','carlos ruiz','024d','jose dominguez');
insert into entidades values('coosalud','subsidiad','diana velez','013d','sandra ramirez');
insert into entidades values('coosalup','subsi','diana velez','014d','sandra castro');
insert into entidades values('confamar','sub','maria soliz','014f','claritza murillo');
mysql> describe facturacion;
+-----------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-----------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| nit_hospital | varchar(30) | NO | | | |
| nom_hospital | varchar(30) | NO | | | |
| fecha_factura | varchar(30) | NO | | | |
| costo_factura | char(30) | NO | | | |
| tip_medicamento | varchar(30) | NO | | | |
| nom_usuario | varchar(30) | NO | | | |
| id_factura | varchar(30) | NO | PRI | | |
| cod_consulta | varchar(30) | NO | | | |
+-----------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
insert into facturacion values('0000jh45l','Hosp moderlo','25/03/2010',45000,'generico','jhon salas','6875','025');
insert into facturacion values('1100jh45h','Hosp maria eugenia','15/04/2010',25000,'generico','justino vivas','7875','0025');
insert into facturacion values('1200jh45h','departamental','12/12/2010',15000,'generico','omar ruz','7275','10025');
insert into facturacion values('001122hj','luis ablanque','12/12/2010',15000,'generico','danilo montero','9696','333');
insert into facturacion values('111122hj','independenc','12/06/99',115000,'natural','petro montero','8996','3334');
mysql> describe medico;
+--------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+--------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| nom_medico | varchar(50) | NO | | | |
| id_medico | varchar(50) | NO | PRI | | |
| telef_medico | varchar(50) | NO | | | |
| id_director | varchar(30) | NO | | | |
| espec_medico | varchar(50) | NO | | | |
+--------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
insert into medico values('nelsol castro','12345687','47874','47814786','internista');
insert into medico values('davi montero','22245687','32874','47855786','odontologo');
insert into medico values('estella nuñez','22245444','32777','474545786','ginecologa');
insert into medico values('rito moreno','1457645444','12345','745845786','general');
insert into medico values('aurelio moreno','14576048','2427886','7466666','general');
mysql> select* from medico;
+----------------+------------+--------------+-------------+--------------+
| nom_medico | id_medico | telef_medico | id_director | espec_medico |
+----------------+------------+--------------+-------------+--------------+
| nelsol castro | 12345687 | 47874 | 47814786 | internista |
| aurelio moreno | 14576048 | 2427886 | 7466666 | general |
| rito moreno | 1457645444 | 12345 | 745845786 | general |
| estella nuñez | 22245444 | 32777 | 474545786 | ginecologa |
| davi montero | 22245687 | 32874 | 47855786 | odontologo |
+----------------+------------+--------------+-------------+--------------+
mysql> describe recepcion;
+-----------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-----------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| nom_recepcion | varchar(30) | NO | | | |
| id_recepcion | varchar(30) | NO | PRI | | |
| edad_recepcion | char(20) | NO | | | |
| telef_recepcion | char(20) | NO | | | |
| direc_recepcion | varchar(30) | NO | | | |
| id_enfermera | varchar(30) | NO | | | |
| esper_laboral | varchar(30) | NO | | | |
+-----------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
insert into recepcion values('Urdina salas','14145568',25,202425,'bloq#9','14568769','25 años');
insert into recepcion values('jenny castro','14145898',20,202425,'bloq#9','13568769','20 años');
insert into recepcion values('lily gusman','14145899',21,205525,'bloq#9','13561869','12 años');
insert into recepcion values('maryury sees','14145333',17,205555,'bloq#9','13561899','18 años');
insert into recepcion values('maryury mejia','14143533',45,205555,'bloq#9','13121899','20 años');
mysql> describe remisiones;
+------------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+------------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| centro_salud | varchar(30) | NO | | | |
| nom_clinica | varchar(30) | NO | | | |
| fecha_remision | varchar(30) | NO | | | |
| fecha_atencion | varchar(30) | NO | | | |
| lugar_atencion | varchar(30) | NO | | | |
| centro_remision | varchar(30) | NO | | | |
| hora_atencion | varchar(30) | NO | | | |
| id_usuario | varchar(30) | NO | | | |
| carnet_usuario | varchar(30) | NO | | | |
| tipo_urgencia | varchar(30) | NO | | | |
| id_administrador | varchar(30) | NO | PRI | | |
| historia_cliente | varchar(30) | NO | | | |
+------------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
insert into remisiones values('Hosp moderlo','comfamar','05/10/2010','06/10/2010','buenaventura','modelo','2:pm','14145698','caprecon','fracturacraneo','25687491','12k');
insert into remisiones values('luis ablanque','Cli/Bentura','06/08/2010','15/10/2010','cali','carmelo','3:pm','11145698','coosalup','desmayo','25685691','25k');
insert into remisiones values('dptal','Cli/confenalco','06/08/2008','15/09/2010','buenaventura','san luis','4:pm','11178698','sisben','parto','25565691','15k');
insert into remisiones values('saluindpen','Cli/confenalco','12/08/2008','15/07/2010','buenaventura','san luis','10:am','11178678','ensanar','accidente','22265691','3k');
insert into remisiones values('hospisanluis','Cli/sordos y ciegos','25/08/2008','31/07/2010','buenaventura','R9','10:am','14478678','ensanar','sordera','227775691','14k');
mysql> describe urgencias;
+------------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+------------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| tipo_urgencia | varchar(30) | NO | | | |
| tipo_carnet | varchar(30) | NO | PRI | | |
| fecha_remision | varchar(30) | NO | | | |
| nom_usuario | varchar(30) | NO | | | |
| fecha_llegada | varchar(30) | NO | | | |
| fecha_salida | varchar(30) | NO | | | |
| nom_doctor | varchar(30) | NO | | | |
| carnet_usuario | varchar(30) | NO | | | |
| historia_usuario | varchar(30) | NO | | | |
+------------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
insert into urgencias values('fracturacraneo','caprecon','04/02/2010','jose odoñez','21/05/2010','01/06/2010','emiliano suleta','ensanar','45l');
insert into urgencias values('parto prematuro','ensanar','05/02/2010','jose castro','21/12/2010','01/12/2010','emilio dias','caprecon','12l');
insert into urgencias values('dolor cabeza','sisben','05/02/1998','maria castro','07/12/2010','01/12/1995','emilio ortiz','coosalup','232l');
insert into urgencias values('preinfarto','sos','23/02/1998','domingo lerma','07/12/1996','02/12/1995','emiliano saac','selvasalud','22k');
insert into urgencias values('preclancia','sert','23/10/1998','diana torres','07/12/2010','02/12/2010','sixta bonilla','selvasalud','1l');
mysql> SELECT NOM_HOSPITAL,nom_entidad from facturacion,entidades;
+--------------------+-------------+
| NOM_HOSPITAL | nom_entidad |
+--------------------+-------------+
| Hosp moderlo | confamar |
| departamental | confamar |
| Hosp maria eugenia | confamar |
| independenc | confamar |
| luis ablanque | confamar |
| Hosp moderlo | coosalup |
| departamental | coosalup |
| Hosp maria eugenia | coosalup |
| independenc | coosalup |
| luis ablanque | coosalup |
| Hosp moderlo | ensanasr |
| departamental | ensanasr |
| Hosp maria eugenia | ensanasr |
| independenc | ensanasr |
| luis ablanque | ensanasr |
| Hosp moderlo | coosalud |
| departamental | coosalud |
| Hosp maria eugenia | coosalud |
| independenc | coosalud |
| luis ablanque | coosalud |
| Hosp moderlo | caprecon |
| departamental | caprecon |
| Hosp maria eugenia | caprecon |
| independenc | caprecon |
| luis ablanque | caprecon |
+--------------------+-------------
mysql> select nom_clinica,centro_salud,tipo_urgencia from remisiones;
+---------------------+---------------+----------------+
| nom_clinica | centro_salud | tipo_urgencia |
+---------------------+---------------+----------------+
| Cli/confenalco | saluindpen | accidente |
| Cli/sordos y ciegos | hospisanluis | sordera |
| Cli/confenalco | dptal | parto |
| Cli/Bentura | luis ablanque | desmayo |
| comfamar | Hosp moderlo | fracturacraneo |
+---------------------+---------------+----------------+
mysql> select nom_carnet,nom_usuario,nom_doctor from carnets, consultaexterna;
+------------+--------------+---------------+
| nom_carnet | nom_usuario | nom_doctor |
+------------+--------------+---------------+
| ensanar | antoni perez | alexa castro |
| coopsalud | carlos perez | alexa castro |
| confenalco | jose lara | alexa castro |
| confamar | arturo ruiz | alexa castro |
| caprecon | carlos velez | alexa castro |
| ensanar | antoni perez | nelsol castro |
| coopsalud | carlos perez | nelsol castro |
| confenalco | jose lara | nelsol castro |
| confamar | arturo ruiz | nelsol castro |
| caprecon | carlos velez | nelsol castro |
| ensanar | antoni perez | mauro lopez |
| coopsalud | carlos perez | mauro lopez |
| confenalco | jose lara | mauro lopez |
| confamar | arturo ruiz | mauro lopez |
| caprecon | carlos velez | mauro lopez |
| ensanar | antoni perez | jose niñes |
| coopsalud | carlos perez | jose niñes |
| confenalco | jose lara | jose niñes |
| confamar | arturo ruiz | jose niñes |
| caprecon | carlos velez | jose niñes |
| ensanar | antoni perez | pedro infante |
| coopsalud | carlos perez | pedro infante |
| confenalco | jose lara | pedro infante |
| confamar | arturo ruiz | pedro infante |
| caprecon | carlos velez | pedro infante |
+------------+--------------+---------------+
mysql> select fecha_remision,fecha_atencion,lugar_atencion,id_medico from remisiones,medico;
+----------------+----------------+----------------+------------+
| fecha_remision | fecha_atencion | lugar_atencion | id_medico |
+----------------+----------------+----------------+------------+
| 12/08/2008 | 15/07/2010 | buenaventura | 12345687 |
| 25/08/2008 | 31/07/2010 | buenaventura | 12345687 |
| 06/08/2008 | 15/09/2010 | buenaventura | 12345687 |
| 06/08/2010 | 15/10/2010 | cali | 12345687 |
| 05/10/2010 | 06/10/2010 | buenaventura | 12345687 |
| 12/08/2008 | 15/07/2010 | buenaventura | 14576048 |
| 25/08/2008 | 31/07/2010 | buenaventura | 14576048 |
| 06/08/2008 | 15/09/2010 | buenaventura | 14576048 |
| 06/08/2010 | 15/10/2010 | cali | 14576048 |
| 05/10/2010 | 06/10/2010 | buenaventura | 14576048 |
| 12/08/2008 | 15/07/2010 | buenaventura | 1457645444 |
| 25/08/2008 | 31/07/2010 | buenaventura | 1457645444 |
| 06/08/2008 | 15/09/2010 | buenaventura | 1457645444 |
| 06/08/2010 | 15/10/2010 | cali | 1457645444 |
| 05/10/2010 | 06/10/2010 | buenaventura | 1457645444 |
| 12/08/2008 | 15/07/2010 | buenaventura | 22245444 |
| 25/08/2008 | 31/07/2010 | buenaventura | 22245444 |
| 06/08/2008 | 15/09/2010 | buenaventura | 22245444 |
| 06/08/2010 | 15/10/2010 | cali | 22245444 |
| 05/10/2010 | 06/10/2010 | buenaventura | 22245444 |
| 12/08/2008 | 15/07/2010 | buenaventura | 22245687 |
| 25/08/2008 | 31/07/2010 | buenaventura | 22245687 |
| 06/08/2008 | 15/09/2010 | buenaventura | 22245687 |
| 06/08/2010 | 15/10/2010 | cali | 22245687 |
| 05/10/2010 | 06/10/2010 | buenaventura | 22245687 |
+----------------+----------------+----------------+------------+
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